The revival of China from the perspective of the theoretical approach of Realism

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Candidate in International Relations, International Relations Department, Allame Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor of International Relations, International Relations Department, Allame Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran

10.22099/ijas.2024.50410.1004

Abstract

For almost 500 years, the Chinese empire was the hegemon of the region and the guarantor of regional stability and order both through the exercise of military and economic power, as well as through cultural influence and soft power. The expansion of Western powers, especially Britain, to the East created a significant challenge to China's dominance and the established Chinese order in the early 19th century. Ultimately, this dominance collapsed as a result of increased competition with the West in the two Opium Wars, and the internal decline of the "Qing" dynasty and kingdom, which opened China's doors to the West. The "golden period" of the dominant Chinese order came to an end. This end has been the most bitter and painful issue in the history of China in the last two hundred years, to the extent that it is often referred to as the "century of humiliation," a period that not only caused the collapse of China in its strategic confrontation with the West and the Western order but also transformed China from a great empire into a weak state, a state that was pushed to the margins of international politics for nearly two hundred years.

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