The regional system of Makran and Southeast Iran: An assessment of its challenges and issues

Introduction
With the decline of the bipolar and hegemonic system, new regions have been placed on the agenda of regional and global powers. Asia, especially the Pacific and Makran (especially southeast Iran), is today considered one of the world's most central and tense geopolitical regions. Given the emergence of new regional and international powers and the importance of new regions in new competitions, especially in Asia and the Makran region (and southeast Iran at its geographic center), an attempt has been made to examine the security challenges facing southeast Iran. In this regard, the authors have two important goals in mind. First, pay attention to the importance of regionalism and the need to monitor emerging competitive regions, such as Makran and southeastern Iran. Second, to address the level of security challenges in the southeastern region of Iran, which is a center of significant competition between Asian and Western powers (especially the United States).
Methodology
The present study is theoretical in nature and, in terms of its purpose, theoretical-applied research, which, in turn, informs the methodology, which is also descriptive-analytical. On this basis, it has used relevant theoretical principles to explain the four conceptual levels and ensure coherent application. The four levels mentioned are: the emergence of new regions; the transitional cycle and power transition in the international system; the role of regional actors in peripheral regions; and the recognition of multifaceted internal challenges and harms.
 
Findings
The Makran region (focusing on southeastern Iran) is the main area of residence and settlement of the Baloch people, which includes a contiguous territory including the Balochistan province of Pakistan, the southwestern corner of Afghanistan, and the area comprising southeastern Iran, which is different from other central areas in three elements: ethnicity, language, and religion.
     Compared to other Baloch residents in Pakistan and India, Iranian residents are in a more unfavorable situation, especially at the economic and political levels (due to limited participation in the power structure). The poor state of human development and education, and the lack of capable civil activists, have led to the loss of national capacities. A review of various human and welfare indicators in all areas shows the stark difference of this province compared to other cities. The existence of numerous deprivations and social harms has become one of the most risky areas for the intensification of security problems and the growth of extremist and violent movements, as well as the increase in drug trafficking and smuggling. With the closure of the northern borders by Iran, drug transit has shifted to the southern regions of Afghanistan. Therefore, this situation has caused the southeastern region of Iran, more than other regions of the country, to be severely affected by the geopolitics of drugs and the problems and insecurities arising from it.
 
Conclusion
Iran has the largest geographical share (land and sea) in the Makran region, but the country's role in current issues and the organized patterns of friendship and enmity are at a very low level, and the reality indicates the existence of multilayered bilateral or multilateral arrangements and relations between actors, excluding Iran. The results indicate that the least number of development-oriented and construction plans and projects have been implemented in this province and region, and in a situation where the Makran region should have become a powerful part of Iran in global economic issues and become a major player in the regional and international arena, In the absence of proper politics, sectional and sometimes ideological policies, the lack of fair distribution of the country's public budget, and the lack of political participation, the forbidden have prevailed over the possible, and this region has become a weak point for Iran's security and economy.