Makran Region; The Center of New Competitions in Asia

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Phd in political thought, Political Sciences Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

10.22099/ijas.2024.50428.1005

Abstract

In the past two decades, the shape and nature of regions in Asia have changed significantly, and the position of regions in Asia has also shifted. Nevertheless, the type of competition in the Makran and Middle East regions is more distinct from the other two regions due to the relative distance between the great powers and the emergence of regional powers, making the number of actors and the nature of competition more complex. With the intensification of competition, efforts to gain a larger share in these areas are increasing. Therefore, this study evaluates how, in the context of analyzing the current international system in Asia, the position of the Makran region (centered in southeastern Iran) and the relations between Asian actors (especially China) are evolving. In response, the proposed hypothesis is that the position of new regions in Asia, particularly in the Makran region (southeastern Iran), has changed, and a complex form of competition is emerging, which differs from the classical order.

Highlights

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Sakhuja, V. & Prabhakar, W. Lawrence S. (2022). Maritime Security Complexes of the Indo-Pacific Region, Indian Council of World Affairs and Centre for Public Policy Research.

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Slavin, B. (March 10, 2023). China Shows its Constructive Side by Brokering a Deal Between Iran and Saudi Arabia, STIMSON, (View date 6 June 2024), At: https://www.stimson.org/2023/china-shows-its-constructive-side-by-brokering-a-deal-between-iran-and-saudi-arabia/

Small, A. (2015). The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia’s New Geopolitics, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Stanley, M. (2018). Inside China’s Plan to Create a Modern Silk Road, at: https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/china-belt-and-road

Thompson J; Pronk, D & Manen H. V. (2021). Geopolitical Genesis: Dutch Foreign and Security Policy in a Post-COVID World, Strategic Monitor, The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, Netherlands Institute of International.

Tishehyar, M. (2011). The Dynamism of Iran-India Relations: 1979–2009, Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, 2(2):127–156, at:

       http://www.isrjournals.com/images/pdf/7-tishehyar-6.pdf.

Vatanka, A. (2019). China’s Great Game in Iran, 5. Sep, Foreign Policy, at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/05/chinas-great-game-in-iran/

Zvyagelskaya, I. (December 2015). Russia in a Changing Middle East, RIAC, Russian International Affairs Council.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

ea:The Gwadar-Chabahar Standoff, Future, (Date Received, Aug 5, 2024), At: https://www.futureuae.com/en-us/Mainpage/Item/9366/rivalry-by-the-sea-the-gwadar-chabahar-standoff
Barzegarzadeh Zarandi, M., Yazdanpanah Dero, Q., & Etaat, J. (2022). Iran’s Position in Geopolitical Competition between China and India: Emphasizing the Role of Chabahar, Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies, 6(2): 343-369.
Beesonm M & Xu, S. (2016). Leadership with Chinese Characteristics: What Role for Soft Power? In Kingah, S & Quiliconi, C. Global and Regional Leadership of BRICS Countries, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Bhatnagar, A. & Divya, J. (2013). Accessing Afghanistan and Central Asia: Importance of Chabahar to India, Observer Research Foundation, SPECIAL REPORT, (accessed June 2, 2024), www.orfonline.org, pp: 1-16. at: https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/specialreport.pdf
Brown, M & et Al.(2024). Balochistan Case Study, www.carleton.ca/cifp/app/serve.php/1398.pdf. )accessed at: June 8, 2024(.
Buzan, B. (2003). Security architecture in Asia: The interplay of regional and global levels. The Pacific Review, 16(2): 143–173.
Cohen, S.B. (2003). Geopolitics of the World System, Rowman & Littlefield.
Cook, S. A. & Green, J. (2021). China Isn’t Trying to Dominate the Middle East: But U.S. Retrenchment Might Allow It To, Foreign Affairs, Aug 9, at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-08-09/china-isnt-trying-dominate-middle-east2
Fulton, J. (2019). China’s Changing Role In The Middle East, Atlantic Council, June, at: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/06/Chinas_Changing_Role_in_the_Middle_East.pdf
Giegerich, B, Hokayem, E & Jagtiani, S. (2022). Regional security and alliances in the Middle East and the Indo-Pacific: implications for European security,IISS, The International Institute, at: https://www.iiss.org/globalassets/media-library---content--migration/files/researchpapers/2022/hanns-seidel-paper---regional-security-and-alliances.pdf
Guzman A. T. (August 24, 2013). The Crises in Syria, Lebanon and Egypt: The Plan to ‘Divide and Conquer’ the Middle East and Why All Roads Lead to Tehran, Global Research, Center for Research on Globalization. AT: http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-crises-in-syria-lebanon-and-egypt-the-plan to-divide-and-conquer-the-middle-east-and-why-all-roads-lead-to tehran/5346864
Haghirian, M. (April 29, 2024). To Succeed, the GCC Requires Cooperation with Iran for Regional Security, STIMSON, (accessed June 6, 2024), At: https://www.stimson.org/2024/to-succeed-the-gcc-requires-cooperation-with-iran-for-regional-security/
Hunter, T, S. (2010). Iran’s Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era, Greenwood, Santa Barbara,California
Hunter, T. S. (2020). How Iran-China deal could alter the Middle East's balance of power, July. 14, Middle East Eye, at: https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/how-iran-china-deal-could-alter-middle-easts-balance-power
Melissen, J. (2005). The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China (2022). Wang Yi Meets with Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, March.23, at: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202203/t20220323_10654598.html
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China (2022). June.17, At: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbxw/202206/t20220617_10705710.html
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China (2022). Xi Jinping Speaks with Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman on the Phone, April.15, at: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202204/t20220416_10668788.html
Moore, R. (2021). Human Intelligence in the Digital Age, Speech Delivered at the IISS on 30 November, IISS, https://www.iiss.org/events/2021/11/human-intelligence-digital-age
Mufti, M. (June 2012). Religion and Militancy in Pakistan and Afghanistan, Center for Strategic and International Studies at: <<http://csis.org/files/publication/120628_Mufti_ReligionMilitancy_Web.pdf>> 3)- Jalalzai,
Musa Khan (1998). The Sunni- Shia Conflict in Pakistan, Lahore: Book Traders.
Nereim, V.  (March 10, 2023). Saudi Arabia and Iran Agree to Restore Ties, in Talks Hosted by China, The New York Times, (accessed June 6, 2024), At: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/10/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-iran-reestablish-ties.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare
Nicolini, B. (2024). The Baloch People: Iran-Pakistan Crisis, at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377555889_2024_The_Baloch_People_Iran-Pakistan_Crisis
Nye, J. S. & Keohane, R. O. (2001). Power and Interdependence, 3rd edn, Longman: New York, N.Y.
Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons (CGVS/CGRA). (25 June 2024). Pakistan: Security Situation, Belgium, Cedoca, Documentation and Research Department of the CGRS, at: https://www.cgra.be/sites/default/files/rapporten/coi_focus_pakistan_security_situation_20240625_1.pdf
Pant, H. V.(2009). Pakistan and Iran”s Dysfunctional Relationship, Middle East Quarterly, xvi (2): 43-50.
Sakhuja, V. & Prabhakar, W. Lawrence S. (2022). Maritime Security Complexes of the Indo-Pacific Region, Indian Council of World Affairs and Centre for Public Policy Research.
Scita, J. (2019). No, China Isn't Giving Iran $400 Billion, Sep. 29, BOURSE & BAZAAR, at: https://www.bourseandbazaar.com/articles/2019/9/20/no-china-isnt-giving-iran-400-billion
Slavin, B. (March 10, 2023). China Shows its Constructive Side by Brokering a Deal Between Iran and Saudi Arabia, STIMSON, (View date 6 June 2024), At: https://www.stimson.org/2023/china-shows-its-constructive-side-by-brokering-a-deal-between-iran-and-saudi-arabia/
Small, A. (2015). The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia’s New Geopolitics, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Stanley, M. (2018). Inside China’s Plan to Create a Modern Silk Road, at: https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/china-belt-and-road
Thompson J; Pronk, D & Manen H. V. (2021). Geopolitical Genesis: Dutch Foreign and Security Policy in a Post-COVID World, Strategic Monitor, The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, Netherlands Institute of International.
Tishehyar, M. (2011). The Dynamism of Iran-India Relations: 1979–2009, Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, 2(2):127–156, at:
       http://www.isrjournals.com/images/pdf/7-tishehyar-6.pdf.
Vatanka, A. (2019). China’s Great Game in Iran, 5. Sep, Foreign Policy, at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/05/chinas-great-game-in-iran/
Zvyagelskaya, I. (December 2015). Russia in a Changing Middle East, RIAC, Russian International Affairs Council.
Iranian Journal of Asian Studies
Volume 1, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
October 2024
Pages 127-154

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