ظهور نظامی چین و مکتب مهار در سیاست خارجی آمریکا: تبیینی از منظر موازنه تهدید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار روابط بین الملل، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین‌الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

10.22099/ijas.2025.52742.1031

چکیده

رشد و توسعه اقتصادی، فعالیت­های سیاسی-دیپلماتیک و عملکرد بخش نظامی چین در دهه‌های اخیر، رقابت راهبردی میان ایالات‌متحده و چین را به یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های نظام بین‌الملل تبدیل کرده است. به همین علت مجامع علمی هم در تبیین ابعاد این تحولات، پژوهش­های جدیدی را در دستورکارهای مطالعاتی خود قرار داده­اند. پرسش اصلی مقاله حاضر این است که چه عواملی از سال ۲۰۱۰ به بعد موجب تقویت رویکرد مهار در حوزه نظامی و سیاست خارجی ایالات‌متحده نسبت به چین شده است؟ در پاسخ به این پرسش، فرضیه اصلی پژوهش بر این گزاره استوار است که تلقی افزایش قدرت نظامی چین به‌عنوان یک تهدید، همراه با تشدید رویکردهای تجدیدنظرطلبانه این کشور، موجب تقویت سیاست مهار در استراتژی‌های نظامی آمریکا شده است. این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از روش روندپژوهی و مبتنی بر داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای و اینترنتی، به بررسی تغییرات در سیاست خارجی ایالات‌متحده پرداخته و تأثیر افزایش قدرت نظامی چین را بر رویکردهای امنیتی و راهبردی واشنگتن تحلیل می‌کند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که رشد فزاینده توانمندی‌های نظامی چین، به‌ویژه در منطقه آسیا-پاسیفیک، ایالات‌متحده را به سمت بازتعریف سیاست‌های مهار سوق داده است. در این راستا، مقاله با تکیه‌بر پارادایم واقع‌گرایی و نظریه موازنه تهدید، به ارائه شواهدی از افزایش قدرت نظامی چین و پیامدهای آن برای نظم بین‌المللی می‌پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

China's Military Emergence and the Containment Doctrine in U.S. Foreign Policy: An Explanation from the Perspective of the Balance of Threat Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosein Noroozi 1
  • Arezou Mahmoudi Baram 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 M.A in International Relations, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The growth of China's military capabilities in recent decades has turned the strategic competition between the United States and China into one of the most significant challenges in international relations. For this reason, academic research has increasingly focused on examining the dimensions of these developments. The main question of this article is: What factors have strengthened the containment approach in the military dimension of U.S. foreign policy toward China since 2010? In response, the main hypothesis of this research is that the perceived increase in China's military power as a threat, along with the intensification of its revisionist approaches, has reinforced the containment strategy in U.S. military policies. This research employs a trend analysis method and relies on library-based and online sources. The findings indicate that China’s expanding military capabilities, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, have led the United States to redefine its containment policies. In this context, the article draws upon the paradigm of realism and the Balance of Threat Theory to provide evidence of China's military rise and its implications for the international order.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Containment doctrine
  • military power
  • foreign policy
  • China
  • United States

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